How to choose a statistical test?

Nice table from http://www.graphpad.com/www/book/choose.htm

Table 37.1. Selecting a statistical test

	Type of Data
Goal	Measurement (from Gaussian Population)	Rank, Score, or Measurement (from Non- Gaussian Population)	Binomial (Two Possible Outcomes)	Survival Time
Describe one group	Mean, SD	Median, interquartile range	Proportion	Kaplan Meier survival curve
Compare one group to a hypothetical value	One-sample ttest	Wilcoxon test	Chi-square or Binomial test **
Compare two unpaired groups	Unpaired t test	Mann-Whitney test	Fisher's test (chi-square for large samples)	Log-rank test or Mantel-Haenszel*
Compare two paired groups	Paired t test	Wilcoxon test	McNemar's test	Conditional proportional hazards regression*
Compare three or more unmatched groups	One-way ANOVA	Kruskal-Wallis test	Chi-square test	Cox proportional hazard regression**
Compare three or more matched groups	Repeated-measures ANOVA	Friedman test	Cochrane Q**	Conditional proportional hazards regression**
Quantify association between two variables	Pearson correlation	Spearman correlation	Contingency coefficients**
Predict value from another measured variable	Simple linear regression or Nonlinear regression	Nonparametric regression**	Simple logistic regression*	Cox proportional hazard regression*
Predict value from several measured or binomial variables	Multiple linear regression* or Multiple nonlinear regression**		Multiple logistic regression*	Cox proportional hazard regression*